Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth.

First published in W.J.Hooker, Niger Fl.: 463 (1849)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Tropical & S. Africa. It is a tree and grows primarily in the seasonally dry tropical biome. It is has environmental uses and social uses, as animal food, a poison, a medicine and invertebrate food and for fuel and food.

Distribution

Native to:

Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Caprivi Strip, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Gulf of Guinea Is., Ivory Coast, Kenya, KwaZulu-Natal, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Northern Provinces, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe

Introduced into:

Assam, Ecuador, Mexico Southwest

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Classification

Kew's Tree of Life Explorer

Discover the flowering plant tree of life and the genomic data used to build it.

View the Tree of Life
PAFTOL

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
  • Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams, C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. & Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots'. Phytotaxa 250: 1-431.
  • Berendsohn, W.G., Gruber, A.K. & Monterrosa Salomón, J. (2009). Nova silva cusatlantica. Árboles nativos e introduciados de El Salvador. Parte 1: Angiospermae - Familias A a L. Englera 29-1: 1-438.
  • Boudet, G., Lebrun, J.P. & Demange, R. (1986). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Mali: 1-465. Etudes d'Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux.
  • Boulvert, Y. (1977). Catalogue de la Flore de Centrafrique 3: 1-89. ORSTOM, Bangui.
  • Brunel, J.F., Hiepo, P. & Scholz, H. (eds.) (1984). Flore Analytique du Togo Phanérogames: 1-751. GTZ, Eschborn.
  • Curtis, B. & Mannheimer, C. (2005). Tree Atlas of Namibia: 1-688. The National Botanical Research Institute, Windhoek.
  • Diniz, M.A. (1988). 124. Bignoniaceae. Flora Zambesiaca 8(3): 61-85. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Fischer, E., Rembold, K., Althof, A. & Obholzer, J. (2010). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Kakamega forest, Western province, Kenya. Journal of East African Natural History 99: 129-226.
  • Gentry, A. H. (1985). Bignoniaceae. Flore du Gabon 27: 19-56. Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris; Margraf Publishers, Weikersheim; Meise Botanic Garden.
  • Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
  • Lejoy, J., Ndjele, M.-B. & Geerinck, D. (2010). Catalogue-flore des plantes vasculaires des districts de Kisangani et de la Tshopo (RD Congo). Taxonomania. Revue de Taxonomie et de Nomenclature Botaniques 30: 1-307.
  • Liben, L. (1977). Bignoniaceae. Flore d'Afrique Centrale (Zaïre - Rwanda - Burundi): 1-39. Jardin Botanique National de Belgique, Meise.
  • Mannheimer, C.A. & Curtis, B.A. (eds.) (2009). Le Roux and Müller's field guide to the trees and shrubs of Namibia, rev. ed.: 1-525. Macmillan Education Namibia, Windhoek.
  • Peyre de Fabregues, B. & Lebrun, J.-P. (1976). Catalogue des Plantes Vascularies du Niger: 1-433. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
  • Setshogo, M.P. (2005). Bignoniaceae. Southen Africa Botany Diversity Network Reports 37.
  • Sita, P. & Moutsambote, J.-M. (2005). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Congo, ed. sept. 2005: 1-158. ORSTOM, Centre de Brazzaville.
  • Sosef, M.S.M. & al. (2006). Check-list des plantes vasculaires du Gabon. Scripta Botanica Belgica 35: 1-438.

An alternative taxonomy had been proposed by the following authorities:

  • Burger, W. & Gentry, A.H. (2000). Bignoniaceae. Fieldiana Botany New Series, n.s., 41: 77-160. Field Museum of Natural History. [Cited as Kigelia pinnata.]
  • Smithies, S.I. (2003). Bignoniceae, In: Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14: 312-313. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria. [Cited as Kigelia africana.]

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Kew Species Profiles

  • Bidgood, S., Verdcourt, B. & Vollesen, K. (2006). Flora of Tropical East Africa, Bignoniaceae. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London.
  • Burkill, H.M. (1985). The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa, Volume 1. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London.
  • Grace, O. & Davis, S.D. (2002). Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. In Oyen, l.P.A. & Lemmens, R.H.M.J. (eds), Plant Resources of Tropical Africa. Precursor. PROTA Programme, Wageningen, the Netherlands. Pp. 98-102.
  • Harris, B. & Baker, H. (1958). Pollination in Kigelia africana. J. W. Afr. Sci. Assn. Vol. 4: No. 1.
  • Launert, G., Bell, E. & Goncalves, M. (eds) (1988). Flora Zambesiaca, Volume 8, Part 3. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London.
  • Maundu, P. & Tengas, B. (2005). Useful Trees and Shrubs for Kenya. World Agroforestry Centre.
  • Ramundo, D. (2009). Red List of South African Plants, Strelitzia 25. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria.
  • Roodt, V. (1993). The Shell Guide to the Common Trees of the Okavango Delta and Moremi Game Reserve. Shell, Gabarone.

Flora of West Tropical Africa

  • Aubrév. Fl. For. C. Iv. ed. 2, 3: 242, t. 231
  • Chev. Bot. 487
  • F.T.A. 4, 2: 536
  • Fl. For. Soud.-Guin. 484, t. 111
  • Sillans in Not. Syst. 14: 323 (1853)
  • in Fl. Nigrit. 463 (1849)
  • incl. var. aethiopica (Decne.) Aubrév. ex Sillans and var. elliptica (Sprague) R. Sillans in Not. Syst. 14: 324 (1853).

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • (2021). https://doi.org/10.20324/nelumbo/v63/2021/165154. epublication.
  • Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
  • Curtis, B. & Mannheimer, C. (2005). Tree Atlas of Namibia: 1-688. The National Botanical Research Institute, Windhoek.
  • Diniz, M.A. (1990). Bignoniaceae. Flora de Moçambique 120: 1-35. Instituto de Investigaçao Científuca Tropical.
  • Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Fischer, E., Rembold, K., Althof, A. & Obholzer, J. (2010). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Kakamega forest, Western province, Kenya. Journal of East African Natural History 99: 129-226.
  • Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies), ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
  • Gentry, A.H. (1977). Bignoniaceae. Flora of Ecuador 7: 1-172. Botanical Institute, University of Göteborg, Riksmuseum, Stockholm.
  • Gentry, A.H. (1984). Bignoniacées. Flore du Cameroun 27: 26-61. Ministère de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche scientifique (Mesres), Yaoundé.
  • Hutchinson, J. & Dalziel, J.M. (1931). Bignoniaceae. Flora of West Tropical Africa 2(1): 237-242.
  • Liben, L. (1977). Bignoniaceae. Flore d'Afrique Centrale (Zaïre - Rwanda - Burundi): 1-39. Jardin Botanique National de Belgique, Meise.
  • Peyre de Fabregues, B. & Lebrun, J.-P. (1976). Catalogue des Plantes Vascularies du Niger: 1-433. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
  • Sita, P. & Moutsambote, J.-M. (2005). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Congo, ed. sept. 2005: 1-158. ORSTOM, Centre de Brazzaville.
  • Smithies, S.I. (2003). Bignoniceae, In: Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14: 312-313. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Sosef, M.S.M. & al. (2006). Check-list des plantes vasculaires du Gabon. Scripta Botanica Belgica 35: 1-438.

Flora of Somalia

  • Flora Somalia, (2000) Author: by M. Tardelli & L. Settesoldi [updated by M. Thulin 2008]

Flora of Tropical East Africa

  • Acta Trop. Suppl. 8: 148 (1964)
  • Blundell, Wild Fl. E. Afr.: 381, t. 485 (1987)
  • F.T.A. 4(2): 536 (1906)
  • F.W.T.A. ed. 2, 2: 385, fig. 294 (1963)
  • F.Z. 8(3): 83, t. 18 (1988)
  • Fl. Cameroun 27: 32, t. 9 (1984)
  • Fl. Gabon 27: 27, t. 5 (1985)
  • Fl. Som. 3: 303, fig. 209 (2006).
  • Hamilton, Uganda Forest Trees: 203 (1981)
  • K.T.S.L.: 591, fig., map (1994)
  • Liben, F.A.C. Bignon.: 4, t. 1 (1977)
  • Niger Fl.: 463 (1849)
  • Opera Bot.: 59: 77 (1980)
  • Palgrave, Trees S. Afr.: 833 (1981)
  • Palmer & Pitman, Trees S. Afr. 3: 2011, figs. & photos. (1973)
  • Prodr. Fl. SW. Afr. 128: 3 (1967)
  • T.T.C.L.: 71 (1949)

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
  • Burkill HM. (1995). The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols. 1-3. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols 1-3.
  • Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
  • Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
  • FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
  • GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
  • GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
  • IUCN (2021). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2021-2. https://www.iucnredlist.org.
  • Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
  • PROTA (2021). Plants Resources of Tropical Africa. https://prota4u.org/database/
  • RBG, Kew (2021). Kew Economic Botany Collection. https://ecbot.science.kew.org/
  • RBG, Kew (ed.) (1999). Survey of Economic Plants for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (SEPASAL) database. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London.
  • Ulian, T., Sacandé, M., Hudson, A., & Mattana, E. (2017). Conservation of indigenous plants to support community livelihoods: the MGU–Useful Plants Project. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 60:668-683.
  • Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Jan 1, 2022 Rieder, C.; Camara, M. [146] Guinea K000010575 No
Nov 1, 2008 Onana, J.-M. [3607] Cameroon K000580298 Yes
Jan 1, 2008 Etuge, M. [2004] Cameroon K000437530 No
Jan 1, 2008 Etuge, M. [2004] Cameroon K000436152 No
Oct 1, 2005 Cheek, M. [11669] Cameroon K000338410 No
Sep 29, 2004 Freemont, P. [1465] Tanzania K004923304 Yes
Dec 1, 2003 Zapfack, L. [2004] Cameroon K000746017 No
Dec 1, 2003 Ghogue, J.-P. [1035] Cameroon K000746018 No
Jul 1, 2001 Groves, M. [25] Cameroon K000108474 No
Jul 1, 2001 Cable, S. [2796] Cameroon K000108471 No
Jul 1, 2001 Kenfack, D. [251] Cameroon K000108476 No
Jul 1, 2001 Lane, P. [295] Cameroon K000108472 No
Jul 1, 2001 Cheek, M. [8882] Cameroon K000108463 No
Jul 1, 2001 Etuge, M. [2701] Cameroon K000108470 No
Jul 1, 2001 Elad, M. [111] Cameroon K000108473 No
Jul 1, 2001 Ghogue, J.-P. [76] Cameroon K000108465 No
May 1, 1999 Onana, J.-M. [632] Cameroon K000339225 No
Jan 1, 1999 Pollard, B.J. [75] Cameroon K000339224 No
Jan 1, 1992 Wheatley, J.I. [232] Cameroon K000518925 Yes
Jan 1, 1992 Wheatley, J.I. [232] Cameroon K000518908 Yes
Jan 1, 1990 Manning, S.D. [499] Cameroon K000029052 No
Jan 1, 1987 Manning, S.D. [588] Cameroon K000029053 No
Jul 1, 1983 Welwitsch. [489] Angola K000430452 Type Yes
Jul 1, 1983 Welwitsch. [489] Angola K000430451 Type Yes
Jul 1, 1983 Welwitsch. [489] Angola K000430450 Type Yes
May 1, 1983 Allen, C.E.F. [30] Zimbabwe K000430449 Syntype Yes
Jan 1, 1965 Grens, J. [289] Botswana K000489226 No
Jan 1, 1960 Binuyo, A. [FHI 35083] Cameroon K000029045 No
Jan 1, 1960 Binuyo, A. [FHI 35083] Cameroon K000029044 No
Jan 1, 1960 Hepper, F.N. [1878] Cameroon K000029046 No
Jan 1, 1960 Hepper, F.N. [1878] Cameroon K000029047 No
Jan 1, 1960 Binuyo, A. [FHI 35083] Cameroon K000029043 No
Howes, F.N. [1088] Ghana K004923118 Yes
[A. Oladoyinbo] [FHI24268] Nigeria K004923139 Yes
Brass, L.J. [17947] Malawi K004923407 Yes
Vigne, C. [4489] Ghana K004923124 Yes
[Barter] [3433] Niger K004923137 Yes
Kitson, A. (Sir) [683] Ghana K004923128 Yes
Fraser, P. [504] Cameroon K001401924 No
Adam, J.G. [630] Senegal K001906887 No
Beccari, O. [s.n.] Ethiopia K004923254 Yes
Cheek, M.; Tchoutou; et al. [3618] Cameroon K001518632 Yes
Cheek, M.; Tchoutou; et al. [3618] Cameroon K001518633 Yes
Burford, N. [BURF 9] Cameroon K001518803 Yes
Chevalier, A.J.B. [23272] Benin K004923135 Yes
Brass, L.J. [17557] Malawi K004923398 Yes
Fanshawe, D.B. [F11725] Zambia K004923415 Yes
Richards, H.M. (Mrs) [6199] Zambia K004923413 Yes
Sabatier, M. [s.n.] K000430380 Unknown Type Material Yes
Hakki, M.; Leuenberger, B.; Schiers, C. [539] Togo K004923134 Yes
Grens, J. [373] Botswana K000489225 No
Jackson, G. [580] Malawi K004923392 Yes
Chevalier, A. [3314] Burkina Faso K000386446 No
Astle, W.L. [5127] Zambia K004923412 Yes
Morton, J.K. [A3576] Ghana K004923119 Yes
Smith, P.A. [1158] Botswana K000489223 No
White, F. [2417B] Zambia K004923411 Yes
Faulkner, H. [3030] K:SPC-25772.000 No
Richards, H.M. (Mrs) [1419] Zambia K004923414 Yes
Rogers, F.A. [8554] Zambia K004923426 Yes
Brass, L.J. [17444] Malawi K004923400 Yes
Elffers, R. [109] Botswana K000489227 No
Codd, L.E. [7381] Zambia K004923419 Yes
Haswell, D.R. [106] Sierra Leone K004923130 Yes
Nemba, J. [41] Cameroon K000029051 No
Coxe, I. [1] Zambia K004923418 Yes
Jackson, G. [580] Malawi K004923395 Yes
Brass, L.J. [17444] Malawi K004923401 Yes
Chevalier, A. [3315] Burkina Faso K000386441 No
Andoh, J.E. [5579] Ghana K004923126 Yes
Rosevear, D.R. [78/29] Nigeria K004923142 Yes
Etuge, M.; Atem; Enow; Cheso; Babila [5344] Cameroon K001422442 Yes
Onana, J.-M.; Nana, M.; Corcoran, M.; Harvey, Y.; Tah, K.; Frederic, S. [3607] Cameroon K001480098 Yes
Chevalier, A. [3315] Burkina Faso K000386442 No
Kitson, A. (Sir) [683] Ghana K004923127 Yes
Robinson, E.A. [888] Zambia K004923423 Yes
Brass, L.J. [17532] Malawi K004923405 Yes
Salubeni, A.J.; Seyani, J.H.; Nachamba, W. [3901] Malawi K004923403 Yes
Mutimushi, J.M. [3674] Zambia K004923427 Yes
Irvine, F.R. [1525] Ghana K004923125 Yes
Brenan, J.P.M.; Greenway, P.J. [7806] Zambia K004923409 Yes
Thompson, S.A. [1396] Cameroon K000029049 No
Howes, F.N. [1088] Ghana K004923117 No
Sabatier, M. [s.n.] K000430381 Unknown Type Material Yes
Brass, L.J. [17947] Malawi K004923408 Yes
Oldeman, R.A.A. [892] Cote d'Ivoire K004923133 Yes
Milne-Redhead, E. [650] Zambia K004923432 Yes
Brunt, M.A. [1233] Cameroon K000029042 No
Brummitt, R.K. [11634] Malawi K004923393 Yes
White, F. [2970] Zambia K004923431 Yes
Vogel [88] Ghana K000430396 Type Yes
Tamajong, S. [FHI20276] Nigeria K004923141 Yes
Brass, L.J. [17532] Malawi K004923406 Yes
Gossweiler, J. [1101] Angola K001009734 Yes
Van Rensburg, H.J. [2068] Zambia K004923417 Yes
Laferrere, M. [84] Burkina Faso K000386447 No
Buchanan, J. [70] Malawi K004923396 Yes
D.B.F. [F1326] Zambia K004923422 Yes
Styles, B.T. [169] Uganda K:SPC-07368.000 No
Thomas, D.W. [2796] Cameroon K000029050 No
Chevalier, A. [1208] Mali K000386444 No
Brenan, J.P.M.; Greenway, P.J. [7806] Zambia K004923410 Yes
Harvey, Y.B. [151] Cameroon K000338857 No
[Pasch] [8871] Togo K004923136 Yes
Codd, L.E. [7150] Zambia K004923430 Yes
Brown, R.C. [7743] Botswana K000511039 No
Phillips, E. [2645] Malawi K004923394 Yes
Morton, J.K. [A1957] Ghana K004923123 Yes
Lusaka Natural History Club [164] Zambia K004923416 Yes
Chevalier, A. [3314] Burkina Faso K000386445 No
Biegel, H.; Russell, G. [3848] Botswana K000489224 No
Morton, J.K. [A1957] Ghana K004923121 Yes
Robinson, E.A. [888] Zambia K004923420 Yes
Brown-Lester, J. [S15] Gambia, The K004923132 Yes
Thompson, S.A. [1396] Cameroon K000029048 No
Chevalier, A. [3313] Mali K000386443 No
s.coll. [CRS459] Zambia K004923428 Yes
Troupin, G. [4196] Congo, Republic of the K:SPC-25240.000 No
Story, R. [4738] Botswana K000489228 No
Gossweiler, J. [1101] Angola K001009735 Yes
Codd, L.E. [7381] Zambia K004923421 Yes
Brass, L.J. [17557] Malawi K004923399 Yes
Haswell, D.R. [106] Sierra Leone K004923131 Yes
Mitchell, B.L. [2825] Zambia K004923429 Yes
Pawek, J. (Mrs) [5671] Malawi K004923402 Yes
Morton, J.K. [GC6429] Ghana K004923120 Yes
Lisowski, S. [56336] Guinea K004923129 Yes
Jackson, G. [199] Malawi K004923425 Yes
Milne-Redhead, E. [650] Zambia K004923424 Yes
Ven. W.P. Johnson [s.n.n] Malawi K004923404 Yes
Irvine, F.R. [1525] Ghana K004923122 Yes
Newberry, R.J.; Etim, A.E. [170] Nigeria K004923140 Yes
Oladoyinbo, A. [FHI24268] Nigeria K004923138 Yes

Sources

  • Angiosperm Extinction Risk Predictions v1

    • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
  • Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
  • Flora Zambesiaca

    • Flora Zambesiaca
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
  • Flora of Somalia

    • Flora of Somalia
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
  • Flora of Tropical East Africa

    • Flora of Tropical East Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
  • Flora of West Tropical Africa

    • Flora of West Tropical Africa
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
  • Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

    • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
    • Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
  • IUCN Categories

    • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
  • Kew Backbone Distributions

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
  • Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

    • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
    • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
  • Kew Science Photographs

    • Copyright applied to individual images
  • Kew Species Profiles

    • Kew Species Profiles
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
  • Plants and People Africa

    • Common Names from Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com/
    • © Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
  • Universidad Nacional de Colombia

    • ColPlantA database
    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
  • Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

    • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0